Lithium is the second nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride battery, rechargeable battery family in the crowd. Lithium-ion Apple a1280 Battery for its excellent properties, are widely used: mobile phones, camcorders, notebook computers, cordless phones, power tools, remote control or electric toys, cameras and other portable electronic devices.
First, lithium and nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride rechargeable batteries:
Lithium-ion battery is extremely negative graphite crystal, lithium dioxide cathode typically. Rechargeable lithium-ion movement from the cathode to the anode embedded in graphite layer. Discharge, lithium ions from the graphite anode surface from the crystal towards the cathode. Therefore, in the process of charging and discharging of the lithium battery is always there to form lithium-ion, lithium rather than the form appears. Thus the battery called lithium-ion ACER Aspire 5570 Laptop AC Adapter battery, lithium battery short.
Lithium has: small size, high capacity, light weight, non-polluting, single high voltage, low self-discharge, battery cycles than the advantages, but more expensive. Nickel-cadmium batteries for low-capacity, self-discharge severe, and pollution of the environment, are gradually being phased out. Nickel-metal hydride batteries with high performance and low cost, and does not pollute the environment, but only a single voltage 1.2V, which is subject to restrictions in the use of.
Second, the characteristics of lithium Panasonic Lumix Dmc-fz20 Battery:
1, has a higher energy than the weight, volume energy ratio;
2, high voltage, single-cell Lithium Ion battery voltage of 3.6V, equal to three nickel-cadmium or nickel metal hydride rechargeable batteries in series voltage;
3, the self-discharge small can store a long time, this is the most prominent advantages of the battery;
4, no memory effect. Lithium does not exist the so-called nickel-cadmium battery memory effect, so no need to discharge before charging lithium batteries;
5, long life. Under normal operating conditions, the lithium battery charge / discharge cycles greater than 500;
6, can be quickly charged. Lithium Camcorder Battery SONY NP-F330 can usually use 0.5 to 1 times the capacity of the current charge, the charge time reduced to 1 to 2 hours;
7, free to be used in parallel;
8, the battery does not contain cadmium, lead, mercury and other heavy metals, environmental pollution, is the most advanced green batteries;
9, the cost is high. Compared with other rechargeable batteries, lithium batteries expensive.
Third, the internal structure of lithium:
There are usually two lithium batteries appearance: cylindrical and rectangular.
Spiral wound battery internal structure, with a very fine and highly permeable polyethylene film isolation material in the positive and negative interval from. Cathode including lithium cobalt dioxide and lithium-ion composition of the aluminum film collector and the composition of the current collector. Formed by a sheet of carbon anode materials of lithium ion collector and copper current collector composed of thin-film form. The Canon Uc-x55hi Battery is filled with organic electrolyte solution. PTC also equipped with safety valves and components for battery when not in the normal state and output short circuit protection of the battery from damage.
A single lithium battery voltage of 3.6V, the capacity can not be infinite, therefore, often a single lithium battery for series and parallel processing to meet the requirements of different occasions. 5 string
Fourth, the battery charge and discharge requirements;
1, the lithium battery charge: According to the structural characteristics of lithium batteries, the maximum charge voltage should be 4.2V, not over-charge, otherwise they will take away too much lithium-ion cathode, leaving the battery scrap. The higher charge and discharge, can be a dedicated constant current, constant voltage charging. Usually constant current charge to 4.2V / Festival into the constant voltage charging, when the constant voltage charging current to 100mA or less, they should stop charging.
Charge current (mA) = 0.1 ~ 1.5 times the Canon CB-2LTE Charger battery capacity (such as the 1350mAh battery, the charging current can be controlled between 135 ~ 2025mA). Conventional option of charging current is about 0.5 times the battery capacity, charging time is about 2 to 3 hours.
2, the lithium battery discharge: the internal structure caused by lithium batteries, lithium-ion discharge can not all move to the cathode, must be retained as part of lithium ion in the negative, to ensure that the next charging lithium-ion can be embedded in channel flow. Otherwise, the battery life will be shortened accordingly. Graphite layer in order to ensure the left part of the lithium-ion discharge, the minimum necessary to strictly limit the discharge termination voltage, that lithium SONY DCR-TRV110E Battery can not discharge. Discharge termination voltage is typically 3.0V / section, not be less than 2.5V / section. The length of the battery discharge time and battery capacity, discharge current size. Battery discharge time (hours) = battery capacity / discharge current. Lithium battery discharge current (mA) should not exceed three times the battery capacity. (Such as the 1000mAH battery, the discharge current should be strictly controlled in less than 3A) otherwise it would damage the battery.
Currently on the market for sale lithium batteries are sealed inside a complete charge and discharge protection board. As long as the good control of the external charge and discharge currents can be.
Fifth, lithium battery protection circuit:
Two lithium Acer Aspire 7730 Battery charge and discharge protection circuit shown in Fig. And by the special protection of two FET manifold S - 8232 composition, overcharge and over discharge control tube FET2 control tube FET1 series in the circuit, the protection IC monitors the battery voltage and control, when the battery voltage rises to 4.2V , over charging protection tube FET1 end, stop charging. To prevent malfunction, plus a general delay outside the circuit capacitance. When the battery is discharged, the battery voltage down to 2.55V, the over-discharge control tube FET1 deadline to stop power to the load. Overcurrent protection is greater when the load current flows, control FET1 to end, to stop the load discharge, the purpose is to protect the HP Compaq Business Notebook 6715b Laptop AC Adapter battery and the FET. Over-current detection is the use of FET on-resistance as a sense resistor to monitor its voltage drop, when the voltage drop exceeds a set value to stop the discharge. General increase in the circuit have also delay circuit to distinguish between inrush current and short circuit current. The circuit is fully functional, reliable performance, but professional, and special manifold is not easy to buy, easy amateur imitation.
Six, simple charging circuit:
Many businesses are now sold without charging a single-board lithium battery. Its superior performance, low cost, can be used for self-maintenance products and substitution of lithium batteries, so well received by the electronic lovers. Interested readers can refer to Figure II produced a charge sheet. The principle is: the use of a constant voltage to charge the Fujifilm Finepix 50i Battery, ensure that no overcharge. Input DC voltage higher than the voltage of 3 volts to charge the battery. R1, Q1, W1, TL431 adjustable precision voltage regulator circuit components, Q2, W2, R2 constitute the adjustable constant current circuit, Q3, R3, R4, R5, LED indication for charging circuit. With the rechargeable battery voltage is increased, the charge current will gradually decrease until the battery is fully charged the voltage drop on R4 will be reduced, so that the Q3 ended, LED will be extinguished, in order to ensure the battery can be sufficient, please continue after the lights go out 1-2 hour charge. Please use to Q2, Q3 installed the right radiator. The advantage of this circuit are: making a simple, easy to purchase components, charging safety, visual display, and will not damage the battery. W1 by changing multiple-series Li-ion Canon Nb-8l Battery can be charged, the charge current can be changed W2 for a wide range of adjustment. The disadvantage is: No over-discharge control circuit. Figure 3 shows the diagram of the charge of the PCB board (component side view from the perspective).
Seven, for example a single lithium battery applications
1, substitution of products for battery maintenance
There are many batteries: laptops such as the kind used by the service found that the battery pack is damaged when the Sony DCR-HC18E Charger battery is only an individual problem. You can choose an appropriate single lithium battery.
2, making mini flashlight highlighted
I have used a single 3.6V1.6AH lithium battery with ultra-bright white LED flashlight made of a miniature, easy to use, compact appearance. And because the battery capacity, the average nightly use of a half-hour, has been charged with two months still no. Circuit shown in Fig.
3, instead of 3V power supply
As a single lithium battery voltage is 3.6V. Therefore, only one lithium battery can be replaced by two ordinary SONY NP-QM71 Battery , the radio, Walkman, camera and other small household electrical appliances power, not only lightweight, and continuous use for a long time.
Eight lithium batteries to save:
Lithium batteries to be fully charged and save. Can be stored at 20 ℃ for more than six months, showing that lithium batteries suitable for low temperature preservation. It has been suggested to rechargeable batteries in the refrigerator freezer to save, is indeed a good idea.
Nine, Caution:
Lithium battery must not be disintegrated, drilling, piercing, sawing, pressure, heat, or they may cause serious consequences. No charge lithium protection board can not short circuit, do not play for children. Not near flammable chemicals. To properly handle the retirement of lithium. Fourth, the battery charge and discharge requirements;
1, the lithium battery charge: According to the structural characteristics of lithium Acer Aspire 3680 Battery, the maximum charge voltage should be 4.2V, not over-charge, otherwise they will take away too much lithium-ion cathode, leaving the battery scrap. The higher charge and discharge, can be a dedicated constant current, constant voltage charging. Usually constant current charge to 4.2V / Festival into the constant voltage charging, when the constant voltage charging current to 100mA or less, they should stop charging.
Charge current (mA) = 0.1 ~ 1.5 times the Olympus Blm-1 Battery capacity (such as the 1350mAh battery, the charging current can be controlled between 135 ~ 2025mA). Conventional option of charging current is about 0.5 times the battery capacity, charging time is about 2 to 3 hours.
2, the lithium battery discharge: the internal structure caused by lithium batteries, lithium-ion discharge can not all move to the cathode, must be retained as part of lithium ion in the negative, to ensure that the next charging lithium-ion can be embedded in channel flow. Otherwise, the battery life will be shortened accordingly. Graphite layer in order to ensure the left part of the lithium-ion discharge, the minimum necessary to strictly limit the discharge termination voltage, that lithium batteries can not discharge. Discharge termination voltage is typically 3.0V / section, not be less than 2.5V / section. The length of the battery discharge time and KENWOOD TH77 battery capacity, discharge current size. Battery discharge time (hours) = battery capacity / discharge current. Lithium battery discharge current (mA) should not exceed three times the battery capacity. (Such as the 1000mAH battery, the discharge current should be strictly controlled in less than 3A) otherwise it would damage the battery.
Currently on the market for sale lithium batteries are sealed inside a complete charge and discharge protection board. As long as the good control of the external charge and discharge currents can be.
The charger system in Shenzhen Super Power Electronic Co., Ltd manufacture, packaging box has the following description:
Implementation of National standard: GB4943-2001
Performance:
Input: 220V, 50Hz/60Hz 50mA output: DC4.2V 220mA ± 80mA
Features:
1, suitable for 250-3000mAH capacity lithium-ion cell phone 3.6V (Li-ion) SAMSUNG VP-D371W Charger battery.
2, switching power supply design to meet a wide 150-265V AC voltage supply.
3, the use of microcomputer chips accurately detect the charging process and control.
4, the charge is safe, reliable, automatic shutdown charge saturation.
5, beautiful appearance, compact, portable, simple operation and practical, the vast majority of cell phone lithium-ion battery 3.6V (Li-ion) batteries.
Open the box, charger shape shown.
Out of curiosity, I opened the charger. Their work carefully, neatly arranged components, the components are marked with the number and size of the value, the AC input and DC output also made a marked and labeled "CLT-688", "2004.11.18" message. PCB is also doing very beautiful. Shown in Fig.
I draw a circuit diagram according to the physical, as shown below (click on picture to see enlarged circuit), and a simple analysis as follows:
The circuit is very simple, using a piece of software packages marked with the AE3102 manifold and the words, through its 8-pin analysis, is the integration of the two op amps.
Switching power supply using suppression-type oscillation switching power supply, it simply works into the 220V AC rectifier peak voltage of about 300V triangle (do not filter capacitor C1), the use of component-level switching regulator control switch Q1 of the oscillation and stop. The switching power supply primary current is very small, Q1's very anti-C and lower peak voltage, so you can use Vceo greater than 300V TO-92 package of small-scale switch to reduce the volume to reduce costs.
Switching power supply:
Q1 and switching transformers intermittent oscillator. After power charger, 220V mains half-wave rectified by the D1 C-pole on the Q1 form a DC voltage of about 300V through transformer primary pole added to the C Q1, but also by the start of the voltage resistance R2 of the Q1 B pole to provide a bias voltage. As the positive feedback effect, Q1 rise in the IC rapid saturation in Q1 into saturation during the switching transformer secondary winding voltage to the induced D2 turns on, the load output to a DC voltage of about 9V or so. Switches the feedback transformer winding by the induced pulse rectifier D3, C2 and filtered to produce a number of oscillation pulses proportional to the DC voltage. If this voltage exceeds the voltage regulator value Z1, Z1 will turn this negative voltage rectifier Q1 will be added to the B-pole, it rapidly closing. Cut-off time of Q1 and its output voltage inversely proportional. The turn-Z1 / directly affected by the cut-off voltage and load effects: the lower the voltage or load current increases, Z1's on-time shorter, Q1's turn-the longer the other hand, the higher the voltage or load current smaller, D3 of the rectifier voltage is higher, Z1 longer conduction time, Q1 on-time shorter.
Charging part:
Mobile phone Canon Bp-511 Battery residual voltage (about 3V) by R17, R15 partial pressure, (1.3V) added to the IC (AE3102) ③ feet, cell phone battery residual voltage is simultaneously lit by R16 LED1, by LED1 Regulated voltage (1.8V ) added to the IC ② feet, this voltage is lower than the IC ③ pin voltage, IC ① pin output low. This low level so that Q2 turns on, charging. LED1 R8's role is to make the regulator more stable value, LED1 while for power indication.
Section Ⅱ the IC op amp and ④ oscillator circuit composed of the C5 foot. ⑦ feet by the square wave oscillator output through R12 to LED2 flashing, indicating charging.
As the battery voltage rises, when by R17, R15 after the partial pressure of (③ pin) voltage regulator than LED1 (② feet) voltage, IC ① pin output high, close to Q2, and LED3 lights indicate charging the end. At this point, LED2 off.
D4 is reverse to prevent damage to the Canon Nb-8l Battery circuit; R18 is the over-current fusible resistor; R6 is small after the end of the charging current supplement use, instruction manual required this time about 0.5 hours.
Multi-part:
The battery charger is convenient to use the clip, the two electrodes can be separated from any size, to adapt to a variety of cell phone lithium battery. PHS also left in the charger side of the charging port. The other side of the charger, there is a polarity switch, polarity and charge only the battery polarity matches, the test light will light up LED1
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